PFAS: What They Are, Why They Matter, and Why You’re Hearing About Them More

Last year, I shared an update about PFAS and how it has impacted areas near March Air Reserve Base. That conversation focused on local contamination, well closures, and what it means for water safety in our region.

I want to take a step back and build on that.

Because before we talk more about local impacts, it is important to understand what PFAS actually are and why they have become such a major issue—not just here, but across the country.

What Are PFAS?

PFAS stands for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. They are a large group of manufactured chemicals that have been used since the 1940s because they are resistant to heat, water, and oil.

They have been widely used in products like:

• Nonstick cookware

• Water-resistant clothing

• Food packaging

• Firefighting foam

• Industrial manufacturing

There are thousands of different PFAS, and they are used in both everyday consumer products and specialized industrial applications. 

Why They Are Called “Forever Chemicals”

One of the biggest concerns with PFAS is how long they last. Unlike many other chemicals, PFAS do not break down easily. They can remain in the environment for years and move through water, soil, and air. 

Because of that, they can also build up in the human body over time.

That is why they are often referred to as “forever chemicals.”

How PFAS Shows Up in Water

PFAS can enter water systems in a number of ways.

Some of the most common sources include:

• Industrial discharge

• Landfills and waste sites

• Firefighting foam used at airports and military facilities

• Manufacturing and chemical processing

That last point is especially relevant locally. The use of firefighting foam at places like March Air Reserve Base is one of the ways PFAS has entered groundwater in parts of our region.

Once PFAS enters groundwater or surface water, it can be difficult to remove and may remain in the system without treatment.

That is why water agencies, including those here in Riverside County, have been increasing monitoring, testing, and long-term planning around PFAS.

What We Know About Health Risks

Research into PFAS is still ongoing, but there is growing evidence that long-term exposure to certain PFAS may be linked to health concerns.

According to the EPA, potential impacts may include:

• Increased risk of certain cancers

• Effects on the immune system

• Developmental impacts in children

• Hormone disruption

• Increased cholesterol levels

At the same time, it is important to understand that risk depends on both exposure levels and duration.

There are still many unknowns, especially when it comes to lower levels of exposure over long periods of time.

Why This Issue Is Getting More Attention

PFAS is not a new issue, but it is getting more attention for a few key reasons.

First, testing technology has improved. We are now able to detect these chemicals at much lower levels than in the past.

Second, research is expanding. Scientists are continuing to study how PFAS behaves in the environment and how it affects human health.

And third, there is a growing focus on long-term environmental responsibility and how contamination is addressed.

Here locally, that has translated into more proactive monitoring, well management decisions, and investment in treatment solutions where needed.

What Is Being Done

At the federal and state levels, agencies are taking steps to better understand and manage PFAS.

This includes:

• Expanding water testing and monitoring

• Developing new drinking water standards

• Investing in treatment technologies

• Researching safer alternatives and disposal methods

At the local level, water agencies are also working to evaluate treatment options like filtration systems that can remove PFAS from drinking water, while balancing cost, reliability, and long-term sustainability.

Looking Ahead

PFAS is not something that will be solved overnight. It is a long-term issue that requires ongoing research, investment, and coordination between agencies at every level. From my perspective, the most important step is staying informed and continuing to take a proactive approach.

And here locally, that means continuing to monitor, adapt, and make decisions that prioritize safe and reliable water for our community.

In the next update, I will take a closer look at what is happening locally and what it means moving forward.